Igneous rocks are formed deep inside the earth where the temperature
is very high.
The
minerals
in the earth are in liquid form and are called magma.
Magma is squeezed around inside the earth and as it pushes towards the
surface of the earth, it starts to cool. As it cools, it turns to solid
igneous rock.
Sometimes the magma cools very slowly and forms rocks.
Igneous rocks that cool slowly deep in the earth are called Intrusive
igneous rocks and have large crystals. (Granite)
Sometimes the magma erupts from a volcano. Magma is called lava when
it reaches the earth's surface. Lava cools quickly and forms igneous
rocks.
Igneous rocks that cool quickly on the surface of the earth form rocks with
small crystals called extrusive rocks. (Basalt, obsidian)
Sometimes extrusive igneous rocks look like glass
and have no
crystals or mineral particles.